Procedures
From Tspine
Contents
Anterior approach
thoracotomy
transsternal
retropleural
thoracoscopy
Posterior or posterior-lateral
transfacet
costotransversectomy
lateral extracavitary
Extrapedicular thoracic
Infrapedicular thoracic
VATS
Stabilization
Dynamic stabilization
Unilateral dynamic stabilization
MIS
Percutaneous endoscopic surgery
Facets
Ligaments
artificial ligament